Thursday, April 15, 2021

Culture 5: Native American Literature

Bibliography 

Tingle, T. (2015). How I became a ghost. When a ghost talks, listen: A Choctaw

            Trail of Tears story. Oklahoma City, OK: The RoadRunner Press. ISBN 

978-1937054557

Summary 

How I Became a Ghost follows Isaac, a 10 year old American Indian from the Choctaw tribe. The Choctaw tribe Isaac’s friends and family belong to are being forced out of their homes and land forced to seek out a new place to call home. It is through events through this time, Isaac retells the events that lead him in becoming a ghost. With the uncertainty of what ghost life has in store for him, and new found courage, Isaac can help his loved ones on this journey. 

 

Critical Analysis 

Author Tingle brings history and fiction together in How I Became a Ghost. With the setting in Choctaw Nation Mississippi in 1830 helps set the stage for this historical fiction. 

 The characters are those from the Choctaw tribes and are based on families living in those times. Because the main character in the story is a 10 year old boy, many readers can relate with his way of thinking and or feelings, even though the story takes place many years ago and the character is from a different culture.  

 Events in the story such as the Treaty Talks allow readers to learn about different events or reasons why American tribes were forced to leave their homes. 

 As the Choctaw tribe is one of the larger tribes reading about others such as the Nahullo people creates an understanding for readers there are other tribes in history and in the present than for example, the infamous Cherokee tribes. The native language used throughout the story (“Hoke”, “Yakoke”, and “Halito”) helps with the authenticity of the story. 

 

If readers are unfamiliar with The Trails of Tears, a story such as this one is a great way to begin discussions on the history of the American Indians. 

 

Review Excerpts 

Horn Book Guide starred (Spring 2014) “Isaac is alive and well at the start of this Trail of Tears story, beginning in the Choctaw Nation in Mississippi in 1830. But soon there is Treaty Talk, followed by the arrival of Nahullo (white) men, and the Choctaw must begin their journey west. Tingle, a Choctaw storyteller, relates his tale in the engaging repetitions and rhythms of an oft-told story.”

Kirkus Reviews starred (June 15, 2013) “A 10-year-old Choctaw boy recounts the beginnings of the forced resettlement of his people from their Mississippi-area homelands in 1830. He begins his story with a compelling hook: "Maybe you have never read a book written by a ghost before. I am a ghost. I am not a ghost when this book begins, so you have to pay very close attention." Readers meet Isaac, his family and their dog, Jumper, on the day that Treaty Talk changes everything. Even as the Choctaw prepare to leave their homes, Isaac begins to have unsettling visions: Some elders are engulfed in flames, and others are covered in oozing pustules. As Isaac and his family set out on the Choctaw Trail of Tears, these visions begin to come true, as some are burned to death by the Nahullos and others perish due to smallpox-infested blankets distributed on the trail. But the Choctaw barrier between life and death is a fluid one, and ghosts follow Isaac, providing reassurance and advice that allow him to help his family and others as well as to prepare for his own impending death. Storyteller Tingle's tale unfolds in Isaac's conversational voice; readers "hear" his story with comforting clarity and are plunged into the Choctaw belief system, so they can begin to understand it from the inside out. The beginning of a trilogy, this tale is valuable for both its recounting of a historical tragedy and its immersive Choctaw perspective. (Historical fiction. 8-12)”

 

School Library Journal (November 1, 2013) “Gr 7 Up-The ghost is Isaac, a Choctaw boy who dies on the Trail of Tears, yet continues to interact with Joseph, another Choctaw boy who is a shape-shifter. Tingle's historical novel normalizes Choctaw spirituality, presenting it as part of the fabric of life of those who lived, died, and were killed on the Trail of Tears of the 1830s.” 

Connections 

The series continues! If you enjoyed reading How I Became a Ghost part 2 of the series can be found below. In addition you can find other great reads with a focus on historical fiction.

 

Tingle, Tim. When a ghost talks, listen : a Choctaw Trail of Tears story. ISBN 9781937054519

Tingle, Tim. Crossing Bok Chitto.ISBN 9781933693200

Tingle.Tim. Stone River Crossing. ISBN 9781620148235




Bibliography

Gansworth, E. L. (2015). If I ever get out of here. [ebook] New York, NY: Scholastic. 

ISBN 9780553395471

Summary

If I Ever Get Out of Here is about a 7th grade student named Lewis Blake who is part of the Tuscarora Reservation. This story follows the trials and tribulations of living on the Res and dealing with others while attending school off the reservation. Lewis, makes a new friend, deals with the unfairness of poverty, and a bully in school. 

Critical Analysis 

Lewis Blake, the main character of the story, is American Indian, which is a change of pace for the main characters in the story. He goes through similar experiences like any other jr.high/high school student may go through while attending school for example, being bullied, not able to make friends, and figuring out his true identity. Lewis is an intelligent individual and is in the top program in school, which goes against the misconception of American Indians not being smart. The fact that Lewis is able to make a new friend who does not see race or color, but loyalty is what helps Lewis come to an understanding that we are all different and that is okay. 

References to Davi Bowie, attending concerts of the Beatles, wacky packy, the Smurfs, helps create an accurate setting of the story. 

 

Many references of living in poverty on the Res are made throughout the story for example, how Lewis is embarrassed having his new friend George over because his house is falling apart (“crumbling house”), not having enough money at the end of the month, using a “welfare Indian” card to receive free lunch, and having to work to help pay for things at home. Living in poverty on the Res, being American Indian, wondering what it would be like to white, not able to make friends is what Lewis struggles with throughout the story. 

 

Lewis and George go through many ups and downs in the story. Lewis can’t believe someone is being nice to him and wants to be his friend. Certain customs are learned by Lewis and vice versa; for example, it is not customary for Lewis to take leftovers home, sleep in pajamas, and owe someone something. 

 

Events in the story give readers insight of traditions on a reservation such as how they celebrate the new year by having the younger people go door to door and let the elders know the new year is upon them, in return they receive cookies. In addition, life on the reservation is a bit different than living on the outside for instance, when Lewis’s friend steals the car and goes out for a joy ride. The fact that Lewis is able to make a new friend who does not see race or color, is what helps Lewis come to an understanding that we are all different and that is okay. 

 

Review Excerpts  

 

School Library Journal (November 1, 2013) “Gr 6-9-Through an exquisite use of Beatles music, Gansworth connects with readers on multiple levels in this story of Lewis, an Onondaga teen, as he develops a friendship with George, a white teen from a nearby Air Force base. The family and community of both characters figure prominently throughout.”

 

Kirkus Reviews (June 15, 2013) “It's 1975. Lewis lives in abject poverty on the reservation. His favorite band, the Beatles, has broken up. He's the only Indian in the class for smart kids. And he's in middle school. Times are tough. When George, a military kid, arrives, the two bond over their mutual appreciation of music. Lewis shares select pieces of his life with George. However, he struggles to avoid revealing the true nature of his life on the rez. Things deteriorate for Lewis when he catches the attention of a school bully who makes his life miserable. Forces of nature eventually compel Lewis to face everything: the bully, what he is hiding and his own shame. Lewis' desire to move between cultures, and his difficulty doing so, will resonate with readers of many backgrounds. The action in this book builds slowly, providing readers with the context to understand the distrust that makes Lewis reluctant to fully commit to a friendship with George. Some readers may not be enthralled by the extensive exposition and sometimes-stilted dialogue, but those who stay with the story to the end will find their hearts touched by Lewis, George and their families. Gansworth's debut for young people is a worthy exploration of identity and friendship between middle school boys who live in different worlds. (discography)(Historical fiction. 11-14)”

Connections

Other great reads with a focus on American Indians are as follows: 

Gansworth, Eric. Give Me Some Truth. ISBN 9781338143546

Gansworth, Eric.  Apple, Skin to the Core. ISBN 9781662039706

Gansworth, Eric. Extra Indians. ISBN 9781571310798

Gansworth, Eric. Give Me Some Truth. ISBN 9781338582161  




Bibliography

Bruchac, J. (1999). The Trail of Tears. Ill. Diane Magnuson. [ebook] New York, NY: Random 

House. ISBN 9780385374736

 

 Summary

Trail of Tears is the story of what the Cherokee Nation endured within their 1,200 mile journey in hopes of finding new land to call home. Promises were broken, mistreatment of the Native Americans was taking place, dealing with injustice, and being pushed out of their homes were just some of the unfortunate repercussions they dealt with as the American settlers took over the Cherokee Nation’s land. 

Critical Analysis 

Trails of Tears is full of facts that showcases what the Cherokee Nation went through during that time period. Author Bruchac does a great job by providing the facts without watering down the events in history. Showcasing how at the beginning The Cherokees were civil with the “white settlers” and got along with them for about 100 years or so. He writes about the American Revolution and its effects on the Cherokee Nation and their land.

As hard as it is to imagine presidents and the government going against their word this too was happening at the time for example, Treaty of New Echota, the Indian Removal policy, and being held captive. 

 

Cherokee’s were inventors and successful just like others, unfortunately because of this they were forced out of their land. These facts help readers with misconceptions that the Native Americans were not successful.  They invented their own alphabet, which is how they were able to write down the Cherokee language, created their own newspaper, created a new government for themselves, and eventually they were able to build stores, hotels, and a Supreme Court  building among many other establishments. 

 

Culture symbols and beliefs  are referred to throughout the book such as the “Cherokee Phoenix, the mythical bird that rises from its own ashes”, and  black skies representing an omen of bad luck. Perseverance and determination are themes in the story, where there is a will, there is a way. 

 

The illustrations help readers bring the words to life. The illustrations are vibrant and depict a very hard time in history for the Cherokee Nation. The drawing of the traditional clothing that was worn by the Cherokee people brings cultural authenticity to the story. The illustrations depict the setting with accurate buildings, houses, clothing, and transportation. I appreciate how the illustrator shows how the Cherokee Nation has become modernized within time and can be seen in their style of clothing as well as the buildings. Readers may think Native Americans dress in traditional clothing at all times. 

Review Excerpts 

Booklist (Vol. 96, No. 7 (December 1, 1999))- “Gr. 2-4. Part of the Step into Reading series, this is a history of how the Cherokees were robbed of their homes and removed from their land to make room for white settlers. Bruchac focuses on the Trail of Tears, the bitter 1,200-mile forced journey from Georgia to Oklahoma in 1838-39 during which thousands died. He sets that march within a wider, quite detailed narrative of the Cherokee nation's struggle and resistance. Magnuson's colorful pictures, packed with people and action, are a little bright for the subject, but strong new readers will find that nonfiction can tell a powerful story.”

Connections

The following are books with a learning focus on text structure (sequence) with the classification on Trail of Tears. 

Bealer, Alex W. Only the Names Remain. ISBN 9780316085199

Byers, Ann. Life as a Native American on the Trail of Tears. ISBN  9781502617835

Caswell, Max. My Life on the Trail of Tears. ISBN 9781538203118

Vander Hook, Sue. Trail of Tears. ISBN 9781604539462

 

Bibliography 

Sneve, V. D. (2011). The Christmas coat: Memories of my Sioux childhood. Ill. Ellen Beier

New York, NY: Holiday House. ISBN 9780823421343

Summary

The Christmas Coat is about a young girl who wishes for nothing more than a coat that will fit her for the cold winter season. Every year the school where she attends anticipates the Theast boxes full of donated used clothing. She spots a coat she wants, but has been taught other people need it more than she does. Her unselfishness goes unnoticed as she is gifted a brand new red coat for Christmas. 

Critical Analysis 

The Christmas Coat offers readers a great window that focuses on empathy. The story follows a young girl who wants nothing more than a “new” used coat that will keep her warm. When the donation box arrives she notices a coat she wants, but with her morals intact, she gives it to another girl on two occasions. A theme of the story could be, good things come to those who wait. In addition, readers gain the opportunity to read about the Sioux congregation and some of the traditions which are a part of  their culture for example, how they celebrate Christmas like others do, put on plays, and eat traditional meals such as corn soup, fry bread, wojape (chokecherry) pudding, and attend Christmas Eve church services. 

One of the illustrations towards the end of the book shows readers three Native American children dressed in headdresses, but the text does explain “only the wise leaders and elders of the tribe could wear”. Other illustrations throughout the story shows the attire of the characters which is nontraditional Native American clothing. This helps the readers see that traditional Native American clothing is sacred for some individuals and used only at particular times. As a reader, I can almost feel what the characters are experiencing with how clear the facial expressions are. 

Review Excerpts 

Horn Book Guide starred (Spring 2012) - “It's a harsh winter in Virginia's Sioux village. When donated clothing arrives, Virginia (the Episcopal priest's daughter) gets last pick, and a flashy coat she covets goes to another girl. With its authentic portrait of a Sioux childhood and Christmas traditions (captured in watercolor and gouache illustrations) and its eventual happy ending, this is a quiet but affecting picture book.”

Horn Book Magazine (November/December, 2011) - “It's a harsh winter in young Virginia's Sioux village on the South Dakota prairie. Virginia longs for a new coat but knows she'll have to make do with her too-short, too-thin one, at least until the boxes full of donated used clothing arrive from "Theast"; i.e., New Enland. As the Episcopal priest's daughter, Virginia always gets last pick, and she can't help feeling a pang when a flashy fur coat she covets goes to another girl. With its authentic portrait of a Sioux childhood and Christmas traditions (captured in watercolor and gouache illustrations) and its eventual happy ending (a final box arrives containing the beautiful red coat Virginia had dreamed of, a reward for her unselfishness), this is a quiet but affecting picture book. martha v. parravano”

Kirkus Reviews starred (September 1, 2011) - “This straightforward, heartfelt reminiscence recalls a Christmas season from the author's childhood on the Rosebud Sioux Reservation in South Dakota, a time when she needed a new winter coat and her younger brother needed snow boots. When boxes of donated clothing arrive before Christmas, Virginia and her brother are the last to receive anything. Because their father is the Episcopal priest at the reservation, the children are trained to let others take precedence. A snotty rival of Virginia's selects a fur coat that Virginia covets, and when that doesn't suit, she later takes the plain cloth coat set aside for Virginia as well. But on Christmas Eve, two special boxes sent just for the priest's children are set out for Virginia and her brother, containing a soft red coat and sturdy cowboy boots. The story unfolds in a linear, matter-of-fact way reminiscent of the writing of Laura Ingalls Wilder, with school and family scenes and a strong sense of the main character's emotions and family ties. Realistic illustrations in watercolor and gouache capture the snowy, flat landscape, the simple schoolroom and the crowd of children each experiencing something different at the holiday events. Virginia's personality shines through in this poignant story that entertains and informs without recourse to stereotypes. (Picture book. 5-9)”

Connections 

Other great reads by Virginia Sneve are as follows: 

Sneve, V.D. When Thunder Spoke. ISBN 9780803292208

Sneve, V.D. Standing bear of the ponca. ISBN 9780803228269

Sneve, V.D. Lana’s Lakota Moons. ISBN 9780803260283


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